Paired flue and regenerative byproduct coke oven



July 28, 1936. P. M. PINCKARD PAIRED FLUE AND REGENERATIVE BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Nov. 19, 1934 (DE @Nkbhxxb July 28, 1936. PM. PINCKARD 2,049,135

PAIRED FLUE AND REGENERATIVE BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN Original Filed Nov. 19, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 28, 1936. P. M. PINCKARD 2,049,136

PAIRED FLUE AND REGENERATIVE BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed Nov. 19, 1934 Patented July 28, 1936 stares? PAIRED FLUE AND REGENERATIVE BY- PRODUCT COKE OVEN Paul M Pinckard, Bufialo, N. Y.

4 Claims. (Cl. 202-143) This invention relates to certain new and novel improvements in by-product coke ovens in arrangement of fiues and regenerators, in the heating of the walls of ovens of this type. The primary object of which flue and regenerator arrangement is to provide in an oven of this type an equal heating exchange between two halves of the total number of vertical fiues where combustion takes place alternately, while the horizontal fiues, ofi half of the vertical fiues, and series of inclined lateral ducts and the ofi half of the regenerators, provide a means of returning products of combustion to stack while storing much of latent heat in checker brick that are located in the regenerators for the purpose of preheating when the combustion and the flow are reversed.

.The total number of vertical fiues must be a multiple of four, such as twentyeight, twentyfour and thirty-two, or even twenty, for instance,

depending on the size of the ovens. Of these vertical fiues all are arranged in units of four, with a horizontal flue and two inclined lateral ducts toeach unit of two pairs of vertical fiues. In each unit, the exchange is between two adjacent vertical fiues, and the next two adjacent vertical fiues, that altogether, make up the unit of four.

There are a total of eight sections, four to each side, in the regenerator of each oven. These regenerator sections are divided by one main division wall, longitudinally, of the oven, and a lateral division wall, at center of oven, to make four main divisions, that are entirely out off, one from another, and making two main divisions, longitudinally of each side of lateral division wall, at

5 center of oven. Further each of the four main divisions are sub-divided to nearly but not quite the top of the regenerator. (Partitions may be brought to top if proper mixing requires it.) Thus, there are a total of eightunits, counting 40 both sides, to each regenerator. Each unit has its own air duct, wind box and. passage to arch. to stack, making a total of four units each. to what is known as the pusher side, and coke discharge side of the ovens. Wind boxes will be about 5" 45 wide x 13 /2" and only 6 to 8 fiues will be served by two wind boxes.

The horizontal flue, crosses near the top of each unit of vertical fiues. The vertical fiues although paired, each have a gas nozzle at their 50 base leading to two fuel gas ducts. alternately and along-side these nozzles, each has an air port that opens downwardly to the various sections of the regenerator in pairs of adjacent twos, by means of inclined lateral ducts 24" to 32" through the i roof of regenerator, for the reduction of temperature of down stream gases before they reach regenerator, each common to two adjacent air ports, with but one such inclined lateral duct, leading to two adjacent air ports, in common and opening over the various sub-dividing walls. 5-

The direction of these lateral and inclined ducts (which are about 5" X enough to overlap flue division 3" on each side) alternates as respects the main longitudinal dividing wall, and as respects one inclined lateral duct and the next. Also 10 whatever the arrangement of alternating the direction of these ducts, as respects one 'wall; the

as respects the four sub-sections on each side of 20 the oven.

Figure 1 is a vertical, longitudinal, sectional, view showing one of the sub-divisions on the far side of the longitudinal division wall, d, checker brick :c, openings in air duct L that are lettered2 0, wind boxes K, low quality gas mains g, lids z, butterfly or mushroom valves 10 and arches, to stack 1'. Returning to top of the regenerator, there are fuel gas mains 1, fuel gas duct e, divided laterally at center of oven and feeding into gas 30 nozzles a. Also inclined lateral ducts c, are shown leading to air ports b.

Figures 2 and 3 are vertical, cross-sectional views of the same five heating walls and each represents one of the two heating groups of vertical fiues. A glance at ducts C, and C in Figures 2 and 3, will show, plainly, how down stream and up stream of adjacent regenerators are always in the same direction and with the gas underfired only. in the outer sub-sections it is clear why, in case of regenerator leaks there would be no loss of gas to stack.

For economy of regenerator space laterally, although any thin material of suflicient strength may be used in partitions, the three longitudinal division walls in the regenerator may be constructed of alloy sheet metal, leaving the outer walls of each regenerator, between the adjacent regenerator, still constructed of brick. Thus, in spite of more regenerator divisions, there will actually be more lateral space for waste heat recovery, and pre-heating purposes.

It may be desirable for the purposes outlined to use the following formula of alloy metal in c nstructing these divisions. Vanadium 0.36

per cent, chromium 18.2 per cent, silicon 0.92 per cent, carbon 0.092 per cent maximum, manganese 0.32 per cent, phosphorous 0.029 per cent maximum, sulphur 0.029 per cent maximum. Mullite from calcining 95% pure cyanite (from India rather than domestic) with alumina and made up in comparatively thin sheets could be used for insulation; yet no claim for invention is made due to common use of mullite as a refractory.

Having thus described the chief embodiment of my invention, subject to changes within the spirit of same, I will now describe the operation both heating with coal gas by means of mains f and ducts e and e' and nozzles a and a and later, I will explain the operation, when underflring with low quality gas, such as producer gas, by means of mains g, wind boxes, air ducts, of outside sub-sections of regenerator, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4. But, first of all, I must explain something of the mechanical reversal of gas and air flow, which method of reversal has long been known to those skilled in the art, as are also well known the several manufacturers of reversing equipment. The reversing machinery as is well known by those skilled in the art, is controlled in its movements by notched discs in a controlling clock, that withhold contact fingers, that are held close to these discs until these discs, by slowly rotating with the movements of the clock reach the various notches and close the circuit, causing the reverse, at intervals of twenty to thirty minutes. A star wheel on the reversing machine assists in closing and breaking the circuit. There are other fingers on the control board, that operate as breakers, but go in when the circuit is closed, at the clock. By means of drums, cables and pulleys, with weights on the far ends of the cables, the reverse is performed. Mechanical arms are hooked on cables and fuel gas valves,

(usually three way valves) and furthermore,

cables of short length tie the wind box lids, for the admission of air, to another cable, that raises some of them and lowers others, depending on whether they are set for tension, or,slack by their individual tie up with the cable, on a given movement forward, or backward. In turn, the raising or lowering of these wind-box lids con trols by means of weights on side of wind boxes,

the opening and closing of butterfly, or mushroom valves inside that open or close wind boxes to stack, and also, admission or exclusion of low quality gas to designate wind boxes, when underfiring.

I believe, that the working of this type oven is now clear to those skilled in the art whether heating with' fuel gas, or heating with low quality gas, such as producer gas. It is understood, by those skilled in'the art, that when wind box lids are up these wind boxes are closed off from the stack, by means of a valve operated'by the method described. Likewise, when these lids are down, these valves are open to arch to stack, except for those wind boxes thru which gas is being underflred, which lids must remain down, but whose mushroom, or butterfly valves are opened or closed at intervals by means of cables, as described, depending on whether box is feeding gas or returning products of combustion to stack. When underflring the gas and air mix at the top of regenerator, and pass into the vertical flues through the inclined lateral ducts an through the air ports together.

The strength of construction and evenness of heat exchange of this oven should be appreciated, by those skilled in the art, as well as the cool tops likely to ensue. Hot tops break up by products in a way that causes losses, such as the breaking up of ammonia to cyanides. Also, hot tops cause an excessive deposit of free carbon. The hot spent gases have a very short run at the top in this type of oven. Likewise, the drop in temperature of off vertical flues should be comparatively slow, due to the short top run of the horizontals, and the relatively higher temperature, of products of combustion on the down stream, and also due to the fact of the proximity of vertical flues, in which combustion is taking place. Compatible, with strength of construction and absence of counter-flow when underfiring, those skilled in the art should recognize that this oven approaches perfection, in uniformity of heating in the coke mass, and equality of temperature, as between the corresponding units of the two groups of vertical flues. More lateral regenerator space is provided instead of less, in spite of three longitudinal sub-dividing walls, due to the use, for the first time, of alloy metal sheets, for this purpose.

And it should be borne in mind that the tem-- perature at the top of regenerators will be much lower than at the same point on other ovens of the same general type. This is due to the thickness of-regenerator roof and'the consequent substantial drop in temperature of down stream products of combustion before reaching the regenerator. If a lower temperature is desired, it I is only hecessary to build the regenerator roof thicker and the sub-dividing walls higher, shortening the distance for dilution and mixing of low quality gas and air between sub-division top and regenerator roof to allow for mixing in longer inclined lateral ducts of upstream gas and air to give the desired dilution of gas and air at vertical flues. This distance may be fixed upon at any length required by any given thickness of regenerator roof, at some point between two feet and two inches, entirely according to the length of inclined lateral ducts, which of course is .determined by the thickness of regenerator roof, through which the inclined lateral ducts must pass to reach the vertical flues.

Even though, I have herein shown and described, the preferred embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that the same is susceptible to changes fully comprehended by the spirit of theclaims, as herein described; and the scope of the appended claims.

As the drawings clearly show the partitions to be rolled in one piece, there will be no joints to buckle, elongation will not be seriously impeded and resulting patching outside and easy to reach.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is:-

1., A coke oven provided with a side heating wall for a coking chamber said wall having. one or more independent sets of vertical combustion flues arranged along the wall, each set being divided into four vertical passages by partitions transverse to the wall, the four passages communicating together near upper portions but not with any similar set of vertical flues, twoadjacent passages of each set directly communicating at their lower ends through a common duct with the top interior of a regenerator located below said wall, a secondregenerator communicating at its top with the lower ends of the other two passages of each set by a second duct, the two regenerators being separated by a vertical wall lying in a plane perpendicular to the planes of said partitions, each regenerator having a central vertical wall parallel to the first wall, said second wall allowing the two sections 01' regenerators to communicate in common through one or the two ducts 0! each set of vertical flues, the regenerative sections thus formed by the three vertical walls communicating with but one and the same heating wall and arranged to prevent counter flow with similar adjacent groups, said ducts being of an extent upward through a sufllciently thick regenerator roof to reduce temperature of down streamproducts of combustion within the extent of said ducts.

2. A coke oven provided with a side heating wall for a coking chamber, said wall having one or more independent sets of vertical combustion flues arranged along the wall, each set being divided into four vertical passages by partitions transverse to the wall, the four passages communicating together near their upper portions,

two adjacent passages of each set being communicating at their lower ends through a common duct with the top interior of a regeneratorlocated below said wall, a second regenerator below said wall communicating at its top with the lower ends of the other two passages of each set by a second duct, the two regenerators being separated by a vertical metallic wall lying in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the said partitions, each regenerator having a central vertical metallic wall, allowing the two regenerator halves separated by last named wall to communicate in common with one of the two ducts leading to each set of vertical flues, all three metallic walls being oxidation resisting and said regenerators communicating with no other heating wall and said regenerators communicating with the stack, and means of introducing gas and air at various open ings in passages at bottom or same, outwardly of both sides of a crosswise division wall at center.

3. A coke oven comprising a heating wall, said wall having vertical up and down combustion flues communicating near their top, a regenerator below and parallel to the heating wall, said regenerator being divided longitudinally into foursections by three metallic oxidation resisting partitions, two adjacent sections communicating together at their tops and then with the up combustion ilues by means of a common duct, the down combustion flues communicating through a second common duct with the other two adjacent sections, the last two sections also communicating together at their tops but being entirely separated from the first two sections by the central metallic partition, both of said ducts passing through a heating wall sole of such thickness as to prevent excessive heat loss down into the regenerator and to cause combustion to take place at the very bases of the up combustion flues, the entire structure being arranged for alternate reversal of gas flow.

4. A coke oven comprising a heating wall, said wall having flues therein, a regenerator below and parallel to the heating wall, said regenerator being divided longitudinally into four sections by three metallic oxidation resisting partitions, two adjacent sections communicating together at their tops and then with the up combustion fines by means of a common duct; the down combustion flues communicating through a second common duct with the other two adjacent sections, the last two sections also communicating together at their tops but being entirely separated from the first two sections by the central metallic partition, both of said ducts passing through a heating wall sole of such thickness as to prevent excessive heat loss down into the regenerator and to cause combustion to take place at the very bases of the up combustion flues, the entire structure being arranged for alternate reversal of gas flow.

PAUL M. PINCKARD. 

